河南省《种畜禽管理条例》实施办法

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河南省《种畜禽管理条例》实施办法

河南省人民政府


河南省《种畜禽管理条例》实施办法
河南省人民政府


第一章 总则
第一条 为了加强畜禽品种资源保护、培育和种畜禽生产经营管理,提高种畜禽质量,促进畜牧业发展,根据国务院《种畜禽管理条例》(以下简称《条例》),结合本省实际情况,制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称种畜禽指做种用的牛、马、驴、猪、羊、兔、犬、鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑等家畜家禽及其胚胎、精液、卵等遗传材料。
第三条 在本省行政区域内从事畜禽品种资源保护及种畜禽选育、生产、经销、利用的一切单位和个人,必须遵守《条例》和本办法;农户自繁自用种畜禽的除外。
第四条 各级人民政府应当鼓励和扶持繁育、推广、使用畜禽良种和培育畜禽新品种。
在畜禽品种资源保护、培育和种畜禽科研、生产中作出显著成绩的,由县级以上人民政府或者畜牧行政主管部门给予奖励。
第五条 省畜牧行政主管部门主管全省的种畜禽管理工作;市地、县(市)畜牧行政主管部门主管本行政区域内的种畜禽管理工作。
各级畜牧行政主管部门应当充分发挥畜禽行业协会自律管理的作用。畜禽行业协会应当协助畜牧行政主管部门做好种畜禽的管理工作。

第二章 畜禽品种资源保护
第六条 县级以上畜牧行政主管部门对畜禽品种资源实行分级保护。保护名录和具体办法按照国务院畜牧行政主管部门和省畜牧行政主管部门的规定执行。
第七条 省人民政府和省畜牧行政主管部门有计划地建立畜禽品种资源保护区(场)、基因库和测定站,对有利用价值的濒危地方良种实行特别保护。
第八条 县级以上人民政府对畜禽品种资源的普查、鉴定、保护、培育和利用,应给予扶持。
第九条 向国外输出种畜禽的,按照国家有关规定执行。

第三章 种畜禽选育、引进和审定
第十条 全省良种繁育体系规划由省畜牧行政主管部门制定。选育和引进种畜禽,必须符合省良种繁育体系规划和生产需要。
第十一条 种畜禽场选育种畜禽,应当根据品种的标准,制定出相应的饲养管理技术规范,并应不断选育提高。
第十二条 各地种畜禽场的建立应当符合良种繁育体系规划。原种场、一级良种繁育场(祖代场)由省畜牧行政主管部门审批;二级良种每育场(父母代场)由市地畜牧行政主管部门审批。
第十三条 从国外引进种畜禽,必须经省畜牧行政主管部门审核同意,报国务院畜牧行政主管部门批准。进口种畜禽必须依照《进出境动植物检疫法》的规定进行检疫。
第十四条 种畜禽场的种源必须符合下列规定:
(一)引进的种畜禽应符合该品种标准。
(二)单系品种和配套系品种应当从原种场或上一级繁育场引种。
(三)从国外引种的,必须凭国务院畜牧行政主管部门批准的进口证书引种。
第十五条 省种畜禽品种审定委员会负责全省选育的畜禽新品种审定工作;市地种畜禽品种评审小组,负责本行政区域内种畜禽的初审和推荐工作。
种畜禽品种审定委员会和评审小组,由畜牧行政主管部门及科研、教学、生产单位的有关专家组成。
第十六条 种畜禽质量监测工作由县级以上畜牧行政主管部门负责。
种畜禽场应配备种畜禽质量鉴定员。原种场、一级良种繁殖场(祖代场)的质量鉴定员,由省畜牧行政主管部门培训、考核;二级良种繁殖场(父母代场)质量鉴定员,由市地畜牧行政主管部门培训、考核。
质量鉴定员经培训考核合格的,方可上岗。
第十七条 省内地方畜禽品种的认定与新品种鉴定命名,必须经省畜禽品种审定委员会评审后,由省畜牧行政主管部门批准,并报国务院畜牧行政主管部门备案,经批准的畜禽品种,由批准单位颁发品种证书,予以公布,并列入国家或省的畜禽品种志。
经过批准公布的畜禽品种,方可推广。

第四章 种畜禽生产
第十八条 种畜禽应当在符合规定条件的原种场和良种繁育场进行生产。原种场应当以生产原种畜禽为主,良种繁育场应当以扩大繁殖从原种场或上一代良种繁殖场引进的种畜禽为主。
第十九条 原种场、良种繁殖场应当具备下列条件:
(一)符合全省良种繁育体系规划的布局要求;
(二)饲养的种畜禽,必须是省畜牧行政主管部门批准的种畜禽品种,并具有规定数量的特级和一级基础母畜禽;
(三)有符合生产要求的生产装备和良好的卫生隔离条件;
(四)场长应具有专业技术和管理经验,并有一定数量相应的专业技术人员。
(五)有健全的规章制度。有相应的育种资料和记录。
(六)有相应的防疫设施。
第二十条 种畜禽生产、经营依法实行许可证制度。生产、经营种畜禽的单位和个人,必须按照下列规定申请领取《种畜禽生产经营许可证》:
(一)国家级原种场由省畜牧行政主管部门审核后,按照规定向国务院畜牧行政主管部门申请领取;
(二)省级原种场和一级良种繁殖场(祖代场)向省畜牧行政主管部门申请领取;
(三)二级良种繁殖场(父母代场)向市地畜牧行政主管部门申请领取;
(四)种畜禽专业户向县级畜牧行政主管部门申请领取。
《种畜禽生产经营许可证》由省畜牧行政部门统一印制、分级管理,每年一次。工商行政管理机关凭此证依法办理登记注册。
第二十一条 从事孵化生产的单位和个人,必须按照下列规定申请领取《种禽孵化生产经营合格证》:
(一)省级原种场和祖代场、省属的孵化场,应向省畜牧行政主管部门申请领取;
(二)二级良种繁殖场(父母代场)的孵化场,市地所属孵化场,应向市地畜牧行政主管部门申请领取;
(三)除本条(一)、(二)项之外的其他孵化场(户),应向县级畜牧行政主管部门申请领取。
第二十二条 生产种畜禽的单位和个人,应当按照种畜禽饲养标准和管理规程进行规范化生产。
第二十三条 生产种畜禽的单位和个人,应当按照品种标准进行等级鉴定,实行良种登记,建立完整的系谱资料等技术档案。
第二十四条 生产经营种畜禽的单位和个人,必须按照规定的品种、品系、代别和利用年限从事生产经营;变更生产经营范围的,必须办理变更手续。
第二十五条 县级以上畜牧行政主管部门有权对种畜禽的生产质量进行检查,被检查的单位和个人应当予以配合。
畜牧行政主管部门对种畜禽生产单位和个人提供的技术资料,应当保密。

第五章 种畜禽利用
第二十六条 从国外引进的种公畜及其纯种繁殖的后代,必须实行人工受精配种。
第二十七条 鼓励对地方良种的开发利用,以开发促保种,通过选育不断提高种质。
第二十八条 种畜冷冻精液由省畜牧行政主管部门指定单位进行生产,严格执行冷冻精液国家标准。
第二十九条 生产冷冻精液,必须利用遗传性能好、精液品质优良、健康的特级、一级种畜。
第三十条 家畜人工授精,应当在经县级以上畜牧行政主管部门批准的人工授精站(点),并应按照有关家畜人工授精技术操作规程进行。
从事家畜人工授精的人员,必须经县级以上畜牧行政主管部门考核,取得合格证书后,方可准许从事家畜人工授精工作。
第三十一条 进行畜禽专业配种(包括人工授精)、孵化的,必须使用从种畜禽场引进并附有《种畜禽合格证》及系谱资料的种畜禽或种蛋。
非种畜场繁育的种畜,必须经县级以上畜牧行政主管部门鉴定和检疫合格,符合品种改良规划,方可准许配种。

第六章 种畜禽销售
第三十二条 经销的种畜禽,必须严格按照有关家畜家禽防疫的法规、规章的规定进行检疫。
第三十三条 国家种畜禽场为事业单位,承担培育和提供良种,保护品种资源,开发新品种和新技术推广的任务,实行独立核算、自主经营、坚持繁育优良畜禽为主、积极开展多种经营的方针。
第三十四条 种畜禽生产经营者应当凭批准的品种证书申请发布广告,没有批准证书的,不得发布广告。

第七章 罚则
第三十五条 违反本办法,有下列行为之一的,按照下列规定给予处罚:
(一)违反第九条、十三条、十四条规定的,由畜牧行政主管部门按照当地商品畜禽价格强行处理;
(二)违反第二十条、二十一条、二十四条规定的,由畜牧行政主管部门责令其限期改正,可以没收非法所得,并可处以违法所得二倍以下罚款;
(三)违反第二十六条、二十七条、二十八条、二十九条、三十条、三十一条规定的,由畜牧行政主管部门责令其改正,并可处以违法所得二倍以下罚款。
有前款所列行为,情节严重的,由当地畜牧行政主管部门予以吊销《种畜禽生产经营许可证》。
生产、经销、利用不符合种畜禽、冷冻精液标准的单位和个人,对用户应负责赔偿经济损失。
第三十六条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可在接到通知之日起15日内,向处罚决定机关的上一级机关申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可在接到复议决定之日起15日内向人民法院起诉;逾期不申请复议也不起诉又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行


第八章 附则
第三十七条 鸵鸟、山鸡、海狸鼠、蜂、蛹等其他畜(禽)种参照本办法执行。
第三十八条 畜牧行政主管部门按照本办法规定发放的有关证书,可收取工本费,收费标准由省畜牧行政主管部门会同省财政、物价主管部门核定。
第三十九条 本办法由省人民政府畜牧行政主管部门负责解释。
第四十条 本办法自发布之日起施行。



1995年5月3日
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门 生 故 吏 遍 天 下
----两 汉 的 官 吏 选 举 制 度

曾广荣


  两汉时期的官吏选举主要是通过察举、征辟、任子等途径来实现的。
察举制度 汉文帝时已有“贤良”、“孝廉”之选,但未形成正式制度,汉武帝时始以明文规定下来。具体而言察举是由中央的三公九卿、列侯和地方上的郡国守相等二千石以上的高级官员通过考察,把所谓品德高尚、才干出众之士推荐给朝廷,然后根据策试水平高下,按等授官。不久又规定依人口的数量、按比例进行选举,取消了资产的限制,这样使察举制度逐渐完善起来。察举制度如认真执行,对封建政府并无不利。但问题是察举制度常为豪门权贵所垄断,成为他们网罗党羽、发展帮派势力的重要途径。进入东汉后,察举制度就逐渐演变成大官僚集团拉帮结派、扩张权势的工具。
征辟制度 征辟制度包括征聘和辟除,也是汉代选拔官吏的主要方式。
征聘由皇帝直接聘请地主阶级中的知名人士入朝参政或备为顾问,是皇帝的直接用人之权,除非皇权旁落,一般不会成为臣下结党的工具。但征聘之权如落入后妃手中,亦可作为其扩张权势、巩固地位的手段。如吕后聘商山四皓(夏黄公、东园公、绮里季、角里先生)来辅佐太子,以打消刘邦易储的念头。
辟除是指中央公卿和地方州郡长官可以自己选用地主阶级知识分子为幕僚掾属。汉代的选官制度规定,三公可以自行置吏,刺史可置从事,二千石得辟功曹、掾吏。辟除制度除了赋予公卿牧守以很大的用人权,可以随意任用掾属而无须向皇帝呈报外,还有一个重要的特点,即士人被辟为高级官员的掾属后,入仕和升迁的机会都会大为增加。在一般情况下,由中央公卿辟除者,经过试用、通过公府商第或由公卿举荐即可在中央或地方担任要职。如董卓征辟荀爽初拜平原相,后迁光禄勋,视事三日,策拜司空,自布衣之三公,仅九十五天。由州郡牧守征辟者,因积功积劳,或经过试用,也可升补中央大员或地方长官。因此,从东汉中期起,这一制度逐渐被大官僚集团控制、操纵。一方面二千石以上的大官僚为了培植私人势力,竞相利用手中掌握的用人大权辟除士人为掾属,树立私党;另一方面士人为猎取高贵厚禄,也纷纷托身官僚贵族门下,于是公府、郡国的幕僚掾属与其长官之间就形成了故吏与府主的关系。
任子制度 任子制度是汉朝根据荫庇的原则任用二千石以上大官的子弟为郎或与郎官秩位相近的太子洗马、庶子、舍人之类的官职。此外皇帝还常将特辟、荫庇的对象从二千石以上的官员子弟扩大到他们的门生、宾客。
此外,两汉时期还有“公车上书”之制,天下吏民上书言事,如有可取者,即以其所长,授以官职。另在博士弟子中取能通一经者入仕,补文学掌故的官缺,而考试成绩甲等者可为郎官。
两汉的官吏选拔任用制度,初期确实选拔了一批有才能的人,充实和加强了封建统治机构,尤其是在汉武帝时期,《汉书》卷五八《公孙弘传》记载“汉之得人,于兹为盛”。但至东汉,“以族(门第)举德,以位(权位)命贤”成为司空见惯的现象。 “选举乖实”的状况,连最高统治者也不得不承认。汉明帝刘庄就说:“今选举不实,邪佞未去;权门请托,残吏放手”(《后汉书》卷二《明帝纪》)。于是一批“累世宠贵”、“世代为官”的豪门阀阅、“儒学世家”开始形成。以“中兴元功”著称的邓禹一家,东汉一代“凡侯者二十九人,公二人,大将军以下十三人,中二千石十四人,列校二十二人,州牧、郡守四十八人,其余侍中、将、大夫、郎、谒者,不可胜数”(《后汉书》卷一六《邓禹传》)。还如弘农杨氏四世为三公,汝南袁氏则四世五公。门生与举主、故吏与府主之间彼此结纳,出现了一个个依附性极强的宗派集团,“门生故吏遍天下”之势亦已形成。


(江西省奉新县人民法院 曾广荣)

MERCHANT SHIPPING (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


MERCHANT SHIPPING (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 413)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion
  
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  
  II    REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
  egulations for the prevention and control of pollution
  enalty for taking detained ship to sea
  
  III   SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION
  pplication of Part III
  hipping casualties
  irections; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or
damage
  ffences in relation to section 6
  ervice of directions under section 6
  Enforcement of fines
  Saving of rights of action, etc.
  
  IV    SAVINGS, AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS
  Savings, amendments and repeals
  
  dule. (Omitted)
  
  rdinance to provide for the prevention and control of pollution 
from
  s and for incidental or related matters.
  January 1991] L. N. 14 of 1991
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping 
(Prevention and
  rol of Pollution) Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  trol" includes contain and reduce;
  ector" means the Director of Marine;
  charge" means any release, howsoever caused, from a ship and 
includes
  escape, disposal, spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or 
emptying;
  does not include--
  dumping within the meaning of the Convention on the 
Prevention of
  ne Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter signed in
London on
  ovember 1972; or
  any release directly arising from the exploration, 
exploitation and
  ciated off-shore processing of sea-bed mineral resources; or
  any release for the purposes of legitimate scientific research 
into
  ution abatement or control;
  g Kong ship" means--
  a ship registered in Hong Kong; and
  a vessel required to be licensed under Part IV of the Shipping 
and
  Control Ordinance (Cap. 313);
  " means oil of any description and includes spirit produced from 
oil
  ny description and also includes coal tar;
  p" means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the 
marine
  ronment and includes a hydrofoil, hovercraft, submersible or 
floating
  t and a fixed or floating platform.
 PART II REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
  
  egulations for the prevention and control of pollution
  In this section--
  vention" means the International Convention for the 
Prevention of
  ution from Ships (including its protocols, annexes and 
appendices)
  h constitutes Attachment 1 to the Final Act of the 
International
  erence on Marine Pollution signed in London on 2 November 
1973, as
  fied by any international agreement referred to in subsection (2)
(b)
  );
  tocol" means the Protocol (including the annex thereto) 
relating to
  Convention which constitutes Attachment 2 to the Final Act 
of the
  rnational Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention 
signed
  ondon on 17 February 1978, as modified by any international 
agreement
  rred to in subsection (2) (b) (iii); "substance other 
than oil"
  udes sewage and garbage of any kind.
  The Governor in Council may make regulations--
  relating to the prevention or control of pollution of the sea or
other
  rs by oil, or any substance other than oil, from ships; and
  for giving effect to--
  the Convention;
  the Protocol; and
  ) any other international agreement (whether made by 
resolution or
  rwise) which relates to the prevention or control of pollution
of the
  or other waters by oil, or any substance other than oil, from 
ships
  which applies to Hong Kong, including any agreement which
modifies any
  r such agreement.
  Regulations made under this section may be expressed to apply--
  to Hong Kong ships, wherever they may be; and
  to other ships while they are within the waters of Hong Kong.
  
  Regulations made under this section may provide that the 
regulations,
  ny provisions thereof, shall come into force on a date 
specified in
  regulations which is earlier than the date on which the 
international
  ement to which the regulations relate comes into force.
  Without limiting the generality of subsection (2), 
regulations made
  r this section may include provisions--
  for the approval of documents, the appointment of 
surveyors, the
  ying out of surveys and inspections and the rendering 
of other
  ices for the purposes of the regulations, whether in Hong 
Kong or
  where, and for the issue, duration, effect and 
recognition of
  ificates for those purposes;
  for the keeping, carriage and inspection of record books and 
other
  rds of operations involving oil, or any substance other than oil, 
on
  d ships;
  for the prohibition, regulation and control of the 
loading and
  iage on board ships, and the unloading or discharge from ships,
of oil
  ny substance other than oil and for procedures relating thereto;
  for the design and construction of, and the equipment and fittings 
on
  d, ships carrying oil or any substance other than oil;
  for the compulsory reporting of incidents involving pollution 
or the
  at of pollution for the purpose of giving effect to Protocol I
  visions concerning reports on incidents involving harmful 
substances)
  he Convention;
  for the payment of fees (whether prescribed under this Ordinance, 
the
  hant Shipping Ordinance (Cap. 281) or otherwise) in respect 
of any
  ey, inspection, certificate, service or other matter provided 
for by
  regulations;
  that contraventions of the regulations shall be offences
punishable by
  lties not exceeding--
  on conviction upon indictment, a fine of $5,000,000 and, in the 
case
  n individual, imprisonment for 2 years;
  on summary conviction, a fine of $500,000;
  that in the case of any such contravention an offence is committed
by-
  the master and the owner of the ship concerned; and
  where the contravention is due to the act or omission of 
another
  on, that person;
  for denying entry of any ship to the waters of Hong Kong in respect
of
  h any such contravention is believed to have occurred;
  for detaining any ship in respect of which any such 
contravention is
  eved to have occurred and for notifying the relevant consular
officer
  any) of the detention and of any proceedings against the ship;
and
  for the admission of prescribed or specified documents and 
certified
  es of documents as evidence in legal proceedings,
  the regulations may--
  make different provisions for different circumstances or in 
relation
  ifferent classes or descriptions of ships;
  provide for exemptions from any provisions of the 
regulations in
  ect of different classes or descriptions of ships;
  ) provide for the granting by the Director, on such terms (if any) 
as
  ay specify, of exemptions from any provisions of the 
regulations in
  ect of any ship, or class or description of ships, and 
for the
  ration or cancellation of any such exemption;
  provide for the approval by the Director of equivalent 
fittings,
  pment or procedures as alternatives to those prescribed;
  provide for the delegation of powers exercisable and 
functions
  ormable by virtue of the regulations;
  provide for the application of the regulations to the Crown; and
  ) include such incidental, supplemental and transitional
provisions as
  ar to the Governor in Council to be expedient for the purposes
of the
  lations.
  
  Any fees prescribed under this Ordinance--
  may be fixed at levels which provide for the recovery of 
expenditure
  rred or likely to be incurred by the Government or other authority 
in
  tion generally to the administration, regulation and control of 
Hong
  ships and of ports, ships and navigation in the waters of Hong 
Kong,
  shall not be limited by reference to the amount of 
administrative or
  r costs incurred or likely to be incurred in the provision 
of any
  icular service, facility or matter; and
  may, without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a), be
fixed at
  erent amounts in relation to different sizes of ship, whether
measured
  onnage, length or otherwise, or in relation to different 
classes,
  s or descriptions of service, facility or ship.
  
  enalty for taking detained ship to sea
  Where a ship is authorized or ordered to be detained under
regulations
  under this Part, and after such detention or after service on 
the
  er of any notice of or order for such detention, the ship proceeds 
or
  mpts to proceed to sea before having been released by a 
competent
  ority, the master of the ship commits an offence and is liable 
to a
  of $500,000 and to imprisonment for 2 years; and if the 
owner or
  t or any person who sends the ship to sea is party or privy to 
the
  nce he also commits an offence and is liable to the same
punishment.
  Where a ship proceeds to sea in contravention of subsection (1)
whilst
  ng on board a public officer who is acting in the execution of 
his
  , the master and owner of the ship--
  in addition to any punishment to which they may be liable 
under
  ection (1), both commit an offence against this subsection 
and are
  liable to imprisonment for 6 months and to a fine of $20,000 and 
an
  tional fine of $1,000 for each day during the period from the date 
on
  h the ship proceeded to sea until the date on which the 
officer
  rns to Hong Kong or, if he does not return directly to Hong 
Kong,
  d have returned if he had travelled by the quickest practicable
route;
  
  are jointly and severally liable to pay to the Government all
expenses
  dental to the taking of the officer to sea and to securing his 
return
  ong Kong.
  Expenses referred to in subsection (2) (b) may be recovered as
if they
  a fine imposed by a magistrate.
 PART III SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION
  
  pplication of Part III
  Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this Part shall apply in 
relation
  ll ships whether within or outside the waters of Hong Kong.
  As respects a ship which--
  is not a Hong Kong ship; and
  is for the time being outside the waters of Hong Kong,
  power conferred on the governor by section 6 (2) to give 
directions
  only be exercised in relation to--
  an individual who is a British citizen, a British 
Dependent
  itories citizen, a British Overseas citizen or who under the Hong
Kong
  tish Nationality) Order 1986 (App. III, p. EG1) is a British
National
  rseas); or
  a body corporate which is established under the laws of Hong 
Kong,
  section 8 (2) shall apply to such an individual or body 
corporate
  .
  No direction under section 6 (2) shall apply to any vessel 
of Her
  sty's navy or to any ship not forming part of Her Majesty's navy
which
  ngs to Her Majesty or is held by any person on behalf of or for 
the
  fit of the Crown in right of Her Majesty's Government in the 
United
  dom or Her Majesty's Government in Hong Kong, and no action shall 
be
  n under section 6 (4) or (5) as respects any such vessel or ship.
  
  hipping casualties
  The powers conferred by this section may be exercised where--
  an accident has occurred to or in a ship; and
  in the opinion of the Governor--
  oil, or any substance other than oil, from the ship will or may 
cause
  ution on a large scale in Hong Kong or in the waters of Hong Kong;
  if the ship is one referred to in section 5 (2), the 
danger of
  ution is grave and imminent; and
  ) the exercise of the powers conferred by this section is 
urgently
  ed.
  For the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the 
risk of
  ution, the Governor may give directions as respects the ship or 
its
  o--
  to the owner of the ship, or to any person in possession or control
of
  ship; or
  to the master of the ship; or
  to any salvor in possession of the ship, or to any person who is 
the
  ant or agent of any such salvor, and who is in charge of the 
relevant
  age operation.
  Directions under subsection (2) may require the person to whom 
they
  given to take, or refrain from taking, any action of 
any kind
  soever, and without limiting the generality of the 
foregoing the
  ctions may require--
  that the ship is to be, or is not to be, moved--
  to or from a specified place, area or locality;
  over a specified route; or
  that any oil or other cargo is to be, or is not to be, unloaded 
or
  harged; or
  that specified salvage measures are to be, or are not to be, taken.
  If in the opinion of the Governor the powers conferred by
subsection
  are, or have proved to be, inadequate for the purpose, the 
Governor
  for the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the risk 
of
  ution, take, as respects the ship or its cargo, any action of any
kind
  soever, and without limiting the generality of the 
foregoing the
  rnor may--
  do anything he has power to require to be done by a direction 
under
  ection (2);
  cause operations to be undertaken for the sinking or 
destruction of
  ship, or any part of it, of a kind which is not within the means 
of
  person to whom he may give such a direction;
  cause operations to be undertaken which involve taking over
control of
  ship.
  The powers of the Governor under subsection (4) may also be 
exercised
  uch persons as may be authorized in that behalf by the Governor.
  A person concerned in complying with directions given, or in 
action
  n, under this section shall use his best endeavours to avoid risk 
to
  n life.
  Nothing in this section shall derogate from or affect any 
right or
  r of the Government existing apart from this section whether 
under
  rnational law or otherwise.
  
  Any action taken as respects a ship which is under arrest 
or as
  ects the cargo of such a ship, being action taken under a 
direction
  n under subsection (2), or under subsection (4) or (5)--
  does not constitute contempt of court; and
  shall not constitute a ground or cause of action in legal 
proceedings
  ituted against the Government.
  In this section--
  ident" includes the loss, stranding, abandonment of or damage 
to a
  ; "any substance other than oil" means--
  any substance specified in an order made under subsection (10);
and
  any other substance which is liable to create a hazard to 
human
  th, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage 
amenities or
  nterfere with other legitimate uses of the sea;
  cified", in relation to a direction under subsection (2), 
means
  ified in the direction.
  The Governor may, by order published in the Gazette, 
specify any
  tance for the purposes of the definition of "any substance other 
than
  in subsection (9).
  
  irections; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or
damage
  If any action taken under a direction under section 6 (2), or 
under
  ion 6 (4) or (5)--
  was not reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce pollution or,
as may
  ppropriate, the risk of pollution; or
  was such that the good it did or was  likely  to 
do  was
  roportionately less than the expense incurred, or damage suffered, 
as
  sult of the action,
  rson incurring expense or suffering damage as a result of the 
action,
  f himself having taken the action, shall be entitled to 
claim and
  ver compensation from the Government.
  In determining whether subsection (1) applies in a particular 
case,
  unt shall be taken of--
  the extent and risk of pollution if the action had not been taken;
  the likelihood of the action being effective; and
  the extent of the damage which has been caused by the action.
  Any reference in this section to the taking of any action 
includes a
  rence to a compliance with a direction not to take some 
specified
  on.
  ffences in relation to section 6
  A person to whom a direction is given under section 6 (2) who fails
to
  ly with any requirement of the direction, commits an offence.
  A person who wilfully obstructs any person who is--
  acting on behalf of the Governor in connection with the 
giving or
  ice of a direction under section 6 (2);
  acting in compliance with such a direction; or
  acting under subsection (4) or (5) of that section,
  its an offence.
  In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it shall 
be a
  nce for the accused to prove that--
  he used all due diligence to secure compliance with the direction;
or
  he had reasonable cause for believing that such compliance would 
have
  lved a serious risk to human life.
  A person who commits an offence under this section is liable-
-
  on conviction upon indictment, to a fine of $5,000,000;
  on summary conviction, to a fine of $500,000.
  ervice of directions under section 6
  If the Governor is satisfied that a company or other body
corporate is
  one to which section 338 or 356 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 
32)
  ies so as to authorize the service of a direction on that body 
under
  er of those sections, he may give a direction under section 6 (2)--
  to that body, as the owner of, or the person in possession or 
control
  a ship, by serving the direction on the master of the ship; or
  to that body, as a salvor, by serving the direction on the person 
in
  ge of the salvage operations.
  For the purpose of giving or serving a direction under section 
6 (2)
  r on any person on a ship, a person acting on behalf of the 
Governor
  l have the right to go on board the ship.
  
  Enforcement of fines
  e a fine imposed in proceedings against the owner or master of
a ship
  an offence under this Part is not paid at the time ordered by 

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